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In 1528, a Moor named Estevancio was the first person of African descent to travel through the area we now call
Texas. Four men, Cabeza de Vaca, Andres Dorantes de Carranza, his African-born slave Estevanico, and Alonso Castillo Maldonado, now
known as the four ragged castaways, were among the first non-Indians to set foot on Texas soil. These men were the only survivors of
the 1527 Narváez expedition. Estevancio served as a translator between the
Europeans and many of the indigenous people encountered on Cabeza de Vaca's mission. Since contact, as both slaves and free men and women,
people of African descent have worked alongside Americans of Mexican, European, and indigenous descent to make Texas what it is today.
African Americans in The Handbook of Texas
Slavery in The Handbook of Texas
Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca in The Handbook of Texas
Estevancio in The Handbook of Texas
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